CentOS 7.2安装Oracle 12c RAC

一、基础结构：

二、存储规划：
1、GRID集群组件磁盘组
+dggrid: 1个，由三个10G磁盘组成normal

2、数据库安装磁盘组
+dgsystem：用于数据库基本表空间，控制文件，参数文件等
+dgrecovery：用于归档与闪回日志空间
+dgdata：用户数据库业务表空间

三、IP规划：
oraclenode1:
publicip : bond0 :192.168.10.103
vip:192.168.10.105
privateip :bond2 :192.168.14.3

oraclenode2:
publicip : bond0 :192.168.10.104
vip:192.168.10.106
privateip :bond2 :192.168.14.4

scanip :192.168.10.107

四、软件版本：
操作系统：CentOS 7.2
数据库：ORACLE12c R1
集群管理软件：ORACLEGRID 12.0.1.2

五、系统环境配置：
注意：如下配置除非特别说明，否则两个节点都需要操作
1、安装软件依赖
yum -y install binutilscompat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33 compat-libstdc++-33.i686 gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc.i686 glibc-develglibc-devel.i686 ksh libgcc libgcc.i686 libstdc++ libstdc++.i686 libstdc++-devel libstdc++-devel.i686 libaiolibaio.i686 libaio-devel libaio-devel.i686 libXext libXext.i686 libXtst libXtst.i686 libX11libX11.i686 libXau libXau.i686 libxcb libxcb.i686 libXi libXi.i686 make sysstat unixODBCunixODBC-devel readline libtermcap-devel pdksh

2、修改host文件
#在两台主机修改host文件，添加如下内容：
vim /etc/hosts
#public ip bond0
192.168.10.103 oraclenode1
192.168.10.104 oraclenode2

#private ip bond2
192.168.14.3 oraclenode1pri
192.168.14.4 oraclenode2pri

#vip ip
192.168.10.105 oraclenode1vip
192.168.10.106 oraclenode2vip

#scan ip
192.168.10.107 oraclenodescan

3、关闭selinux和配置防火墙
setenforce 0
firewall-cmd --set-defaults-zone=trusted

4、添加组与用户
#在两个节点增加用户与组：
groupadd -g 60001 oinstall
groupadd -g 60002 dba
groupadd -g 60003 oper
groupadd -g 60004 backupdba
groupadd -g 60005 dgdba
groupadd -g 60006 kmdba
groupadd -g 60007 asmdba
groupadd -g 60008 asmoper
groupadd -g 60009 asmadmin
useradd -u 61001 -g oinstall -G asmadmin,asmdba,dba,asmoper grid
useradd -u 61002 -g oinstall -G dba,backupdba,dgdba,kmdba,asmadmin,oper,asmdba oracle

echo "grid" | passwd --stdin grid
echo "oracle" | passwd --stdin oracle

5、添加目录
mkdir -p /data/oracle/app/grid
mkdir -p /data/oracle/app/12.1.0.2/grid
chown -R grid:oinstall /data/oracle

mkdir -p /data/oracle/app/oraInventory
chown -R grid:oinstall /data/oracle/app/oraInventory

mkdir -p /data/oracle/app/oracle
chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/oracle/app/oracle
chmod -R 775 /data/oracle

6、修改操作系统参数
vim/etc/security/limits.conf
#ORACLE SETTING
grid soft nproc 2047
grid hard nproc 16384
grid soft nofile 1024
grid hard nofile 65536
grid soft stack 10240
grid hard stack 32768

oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft stack 10240
oracle hard stack 32768

vim/etc/security/limits.d/20-nproc.conf
# Change this
* soft nproc 1024
# To this
* - nproc 16384

vim/etc/pam.d/login
#ORACLE SETTING
session required pam_limits.so

MEMTOTAL=$(free -b | sed -n '2p' | awk '{print $2}')
SHMMAX=$(expr $MEMTOTAL \*4 / 5)
SHMMNI=4096
SHMALL=$(expr $MEMTOTAL /\( 4 \* 1024 \))

cp /etc/sysctl.conf /etc/sysctl.conf.bak
cat >> /etc/sysctl.conf << EOF fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576 fs.file-max = 6815744 kernel.shmmax = $SHMMAX kernel.shmall = $SHMALL kernel.shmmni = $SHMMNI kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 net.core.rmem_default = 262144 net.core.rmem_max = 4194304 net.core.wmem_default = 262144 net.core.wmem_max = 1048576 kernel.panic_on_oops = 1 EOF # kernel.shmmax大于共享内存区，小于物理内存 # kernel.shmall物理内存/4K 让配置生效： sysctl –p #使用centos 7.2 安装grid时，需要修改这个参数，不然会报错 vim /etc/systemd/logind.conf RemoveIPC=no systemctldaemon-reload systemctlrestart systemcd-logind 7、配置用户环境变量 su - grid #grid用户的环境变量如下： vim~/.bash_profile PS1="[`whoami`@`hostname`:"'$PWD]$' export PS1 umask 022 export TMP=/tmp exportLANG=en_US export TMPDIR=$TMP exportORACLE_HOSTNAME=oraclenode1 ORACLE_SID=+ASM1;export ORACLE_SID ORACLE_TERM=xterm;export ORACLE_TERM ORACLE_BASE=/data/oracle/app/grid;export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME=/data/oracle/app/12.1.0.2/grid;export ORACLE_HOME NLS_DATE_FORMAT="yyyy-mm-ddHH24:MI:SS"; export NLS_DATE_FORMAT PATH=.:$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin;export PATH THREADS_FLAG=native;export THREADS_FLAG if [ $USER ="oracle" ] || [ $USER = "grid" ]; then if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ];then ulimit -p 16384 ulimit -n 65536 else ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536 fi umask 022 fi su - oracle #oracle用户的环境变量如下： vim ~/.bash_profile PS1="[`whoami`@`hostname`:"'$PWD]$' export PS1 export TMP=/tmp exportLANG=en_US exportTMPDIR=$TMP export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=oraclenode1 exportORACLE_UNQNAME=orcldb ORACLE_BASE=/data/oracle/app/oracle;export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.1.0.2/db_1;export ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_SID=orcldb1;export ORACLE_SID ORACLE_TERM=xterm;export ORACLE_TERM NLS_DATE_FORMAT="yyyy-mm-ddHH24:MI:SS"; export NLS_DATE_FORMAT NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK;exportNLS_LANG PATH=.:$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.1.0.2/db_1/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin;export PATH THREADS_FLAG=native;export THREADS_FLAG if [ $USER ="oracle" ] || [ $USER = "grid" ]; then if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ];then ulimit -p 16384 ulimit -n 65536 else ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536 fi umask 022 fi #节点二： su - grid #grid的环境变量 vim ~./bash_profile PS1="[`whoami`@`hostname`:"'$PWD]$' export PS1 umask 022 export TMP=/tmp exportLANG=en_US exportTMPDIR=$TMP exportORACLE_HOSTNAME=oraclenode2 ORACLE_SID=+ASM2;export ORACLE_SID ORACLE_TERM=xterm;export ORACLE_TERM ORACLE_BASE=/data/oracle/app/grid;export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME=/data/oracle/app/12.1.0.2/grid;export ORACLE_HOME NLS_DATE_FORMAT="yyyy-mm-ddHH24:MI:SS"; export NLS_DATE_FORMAT PATH=.:$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin;export PATH THREADS_FLAG=native;export THREADS_FLAG if [ $USER ="oracle" ] || [ $USER = "grid" ]; then if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ];then ulimit -p 16384 ulimit -n 65536 else ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536 fi umask 022 fi su - oracle vim~/.bash_profile PS1="[`whoami`@`hostname`:"'$PWD]$' export PS1 export TMP=/tmp exportLANG=en_US exportTMPDIR=$TMP exportORACLE_HOSTNAME=oraclenode2 exportORACLE_UNQNAME=orcldb ORACLE_BASE=/data/oracle/app/oracle;export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.1.0.2/db_1;export ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_SID=orcldb2;export ORACLE_SID ORACLE_TERM=xterm;export ORACLE_TERM NLS_DATE_FORMAT="yyyy-mm-ddHH24:MI:SS"; export NLS_DATE_FORMAT NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK;exportNLS_LANG PATH=.:$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.1.0.2/db_1/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin;export PATH THREADS_FLAG=native;export THREADS_FLAG if [ $USER ="oracle" ] || [ $USER = "grid" ]; then if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ];then ulimit -p 16384 ulimit -n 65536 else ulimit-u 16384 -n 65536 fi umask 022 fi 8、配置ssh无密登录（两节点） su - grid ssh-keygen ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub [email]grid@192.168.10.103[/email] ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub [email]grid@192.168.10.104[/email] su - oracle ssh-keygen ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub [email]oracle@192.168.10.103[/email] ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub [email]oracle@192.168.10.104[/email] 9、配置共享存储 存储划分以卷: grid01 10G grid02 10G grid03 10G system 300G recovery 800G data 4T 配置多路径wwid和别名： 前提：服务器已经连接到存储，并识别到LUN a、配置/etc/multipath.conf文件 defaults { polling_interval 10 path_selector "round-robin0" path_grouping_policy multibus prio alua path_checker readsector0 rr_min_io 100 max_fds 8192 rr_weight priorities failback immediate no_path_retry fail user_friendly_names yes find_multipaths yes } blacklist { devnode "^(ram|raw|loop|fd|md|dm-|sr|scd|st)[0-9]*" devnode "^sd[a]" } b、执行如下命令 modprobe dm-multipath multipath -F multipath dm-multipath multipath dm-round-robin 执行完成上述命令之后，会在/etc/multipath目录下生成一个bindings这的一个文件，包含了存储的uuid和别名 mpatha 36000d310036222000000000000000003 mpathb 36000d310036222000000000000000004 mpathc 36000d310036222000000000000000008 mpathd 36000d310036222000000000000000007 mpathe 36000d310036222000000000000000006 mpathf 36000d310036222000000000000000005 mpathg 36000d310036222000000000000000009 c、修改别名方便识别 multipaths { multipath { wwid 36000d310036222000000000000000004 alias dgdata path_grouping_policy multibus } multipath { wwid 36000d310036222000000000000000005 alias dggrid1 path_grouping_policy multibus } multipath { wwid 36000d310036222000000000000000006 alias dggrid2 path_grouping_policy multibus } multipath { wwid 36000d310036222000000000000000009 alias dgrecovery path_grouping_policy multibus } multipath { wwid 36000d310036222000000000000000007 alias dggrid3 path_grouping_policy multibus } multipath { wwid 36000d310036222000000000000000008 alias dgsystem path_grouping_policy multibus } } 重启服务生效 systemctl reload multipath d、修改udev权限 vim /etc/udev/rules/12-mulitpath-privs.rules ENV{DM_NAME}=="dg*",OWNER:="grid",GROUP:="asmadmin",MODE:="660" 重启服务器生效，并检查重启后权限、别名是否正常 解压安装包 unzip linuxamd64_12102_grid_1of2.zip unzip linuxamd64_12102_grid_2of2.zip cd /soft/grid/rpm export CVUQDISK_GRP=oinstall rpm -ivh cvuqdisk-1.0.9-1.rpm su - grid ./runcluvfy.shstage -pre crsinst -n Oraclenode1,oraclenode2 -fixup -verbose ./runcluvfy.sh stage-post hwos -n oraclenode1,oraclenode2 -verbose #检查不通过的配置 11、安装grid #远程调用图形界面安装vnc ./runInstaller 图形化界面安装，按照前面规划填写相关配置，值得注意的是硬盘位置需要修改：使用多路径修改为/dev/mapper/dg* grid安装完成，使用crs_stat -t查看集群状态，使用ocrcheck、crsctl query css votedisk查看ocr磁盘状态 12、创建asm磁盘组 su - grid asmca #按照自己的规划，添加相应的磁盘组，并和存储卷关联 数据库软件的安装和实例创建，可以参考 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-05/143564.htm 上的内容，集群的配置和单实例步骤基本上是一致的。